Short-Term Scaling Measures
In the Glamsterdam upgrade, Ethereum will introduce block-level access lists to enable parallel validation, improving processing efficiency. The ePBS proposal will allow a larger portion of the slot to be used for block validation, increasing network throughput. Additionally, the gas mechanism will be re-priced to ensure that operational costs align with actual execution times.
Evolution of Multi-Dimensional Gas Mechanism
The multi-dimensional gas mechanism will evolve gradually. In the initial phase during the Glamsterdam upgrade, the costs for 'state creation' will be separated from those for 'execution and calldata'. State creation gas will not count toward the approximate 16 million gas limit per block. At the EVM level, a 'reservoir' mechanism will be introduced, prioritizing the consumption of dedicated dimension gas, with overflow handled by the reservoir when needed, setting the stage for a more advanced multi-dimensional pricing model.
Long-Term Scaling Vision
- The blob roadmap includes continued iteration of PeerDAS, aiming for around 8MB of data processing per second. In the future, Ethereum block data will go directly into blobs.
- ZK-EVM will be deployed in phases: a ZK-EVM-capable validator client will be launched in 2026, supporting around 5% of the network initially. By 2027, a larger portion of nodes will adopt ZK-EVM, alongside formal verification efforts.
- Once conditions are ready, a mandatory three-out-of-five proof mechanism will be introduced, with continuous improvements to ZK-EVM security and formal verification. This will also involve work on VM changes, including RISC-V and other architectures.